The Mona Lisa is without a doubt the most famous painting in the world. The Mona Lisa's enigmatic smile has made the portrait famous. It was created by Leonardo Da Vinci in the years 1503-1506 using oil paint on wood, and measures 77 x 53 cm. It is currently on display at the Louvre Museum in Paris, France. Leonardo Da Vinci was an Italian painter, scientist, draftsman, sculptor, architect, and engineer whose genius epitomized the humanist ideals of the Renaissance, and the Mona Lisa is considered the prototype for Renaissance portraits. His notebooks, where he recorded his thoughts, ideas and sketches, reveal a scientific creative genius who was centuries ahead of his time. Mona Lisa is thought to have been the portrait of La Gioconda, a young Florentine woman who was the wife of Francesco del Giocondo. La Gioconda was 24 years old when the portrait was begun. She sits, dressed in the fashion of her day, in front of a mountainous landscape. The painting is a wonderful example of Leonardo's sfumato technique of soft, heavy shading. He used his finger to erase outlines and create an impression of fuzziness. Have a look at a larger image of Mona Lisa.   In any portrait, the expression is created mainly in two features: the mouth and the eyes. Leonardo deliberately made the corners of the eyes and mouth on the Mona Lisa indistinct, merging them into soft shadow. When we look at her, we are not quite sure what her mood is.
Da Vinci also did something else unusual when he painted Mona. Look carefully at the picture; you will see that the two sides of the background do not quite match. The horizon on the left side seems much lower than the one on the right. The result is that when you look at the left side of the picture, Mona Lisa seems taller than when you look at the right side. 
Da Vinci was also a master at painting details, especially flesh, with oil.
Look at the hand, and the sleeves with their detailed folds. Going against the tradition of the time of outlining the painted image, Leonardo use the technique known as sfumato, (in Italian, 'vanished or evaporated'). He created imperceptible transitions between light and dark, and sometimes between colours. He blended everything; his brush strokes are almost invisible.
 Leonardo was also a master at illuminating his work with light by applying thin layers of paint. The luminescent appearance of Mona Lisa's skin was created with layers of transparent colour, each very thin, making her face seem to glow.
Leonardo Da Vinci loved the portrait so much that he never gave it to the person who commissioned it. In fact, he carried it with him for years after it was completed. There is also some dispute about the real subject of the painting. A few art historians believe that the portrait may actually have been a composite of several sketches that Leonardo had already made, possibly even of a male model. There is also the suggestion that he painted over a portrait he had made of himself, since the proportions of the facial features seem to match his own. Mona Lisa is actually sitting on a terrace, but because parts of the painting showing the columns were at one time removed, this is no longer so obvious. Also, some parts of the painting have been damaged and painted over. The painting was stolen in 1911 and wasn't recovered for two years. In 1956, someone threw acid at the painting; the restoration took several years. In the 1960's and 1970's Mona Lisa was placed on exhibit in New York, Tokyo and Moscow. Today, however, the painting is behind bullet-proof glass in Paris in the Louvre, and international agreements prohibit her display elsewhere. |